PROCUREMENT & TENDERING
This page is dedicated to displaying that I understand procurement and tendering. It will show advantages and disadvantages of the different types of tendering and procurement.
Types of Procurement
Procurement in architecture refers to the process of selecting and appointing contractors, consultants, and suppliers to deliver a construction project. It involves deciding how a project will be designed, built, and managed, ensuring it meets the client’s budget, timeline, and quality expectations.
Traditional
• The architect designs the project, prepares construction documents, and the client separately hires a contractor through tendering.
• Pros: Clear separation between design and construction, high design control.
• Cons: Can be time-consuming as construction starts only after design completion.
Design & Build
• A single entity (contractor or design-build firm) is responsible for both design and construction.
• Pros: Faster project delivery, streamlined communication.
• Cons: Less design control for the architect.
Construction Managment
• A construction manager is hired early in the process to oversee construction while the architect and client work on design.
• Pros: Flexibility, early contractor involvement.
• Cons: Can be costly due to management fees.
Management Construction
A management contractor oversees multiple trade contractors who directly execute the work.
• Pros: Overlapping design and construction phases, reducing project time.
• Cons: Requires skilled management and can be complex.
Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
• Used for public projects where private companies fund, build, and sometimes operate a facility in partnership with the government.
• Pros: Reduces public sector financial burden.
• Cons: Complex legal and financial arrangements.
Role of Architect in Procurement
• Advising the client on the most suitable procurement method.
• Preparing design and contract documents.
• Coordinating with contractors and consultants.
• Ensuring design quality and compliance throughout construction.
Key Aspects of Procurement
1. Project Delivery Method
• Determines how the architect, client, and contractor will interact throughout the project.
2. Tendering Process
• Selecting contractors through competitive bidding or negotiation.
3. Contract Selection
• Choosing the legal agreement that defines responsibilities, risk distribution, and payment structures.
Types of Tendering
Tendering in architecture is the process of inviting contractors to submit bids for a construction project. It ensures that the project is awarded to a contractor who meets the client’s requirements in terms of cost, quality, and timeline. This process is a crucial step in transitioning from design to construction.
Open Tendering
Any contractor can submit a bid; typically used for public projects.
Selective Tendering
Only pre-approved contractors are invited to bid.
Role of the Architect in Tendering
• Preparing tender documents, including drawings and specifications.
• Advising the client on contractor selection.
• Evaluating tender submissions for compliance and feasibility.
• Assisting in contract negotiations.
• Ensuring design intent is maintained throughout construction.
Negotiated Tendering
A contract is awarded to a single contractor through direct negotiation.
Design & Build Tendering
A contractor is responsible for both design and construction.
Stages of the Tendering Process
1. Pre-Tender Stage
• The architect and client prepare tender documents, including detailed drawings, specifications, and contract terms.
• The type of tendering process is chosen (open, selective, negotiated, or design-build).
2. Invitation to Tender (ITT)
• Contractors are invited to submit bids based on the project requirements.
• They receive tender documents outlining scope, timeline, materials, and pricing expectations.
3. Tender Submission
• Contractors submit their proposals, including cost estimates, construction timelines, and methodologies.
4. Evaluation & Selection
• The architect and client review the bids, considering factors like cost, experience, and project approach.
• The most suitable contractor is selected based on a balance of price and quality.
5. Contract Award & Negotiation
• The chosen contractor signs a contract, finalizing terms and responsibilities.
• Work commences based on agreed schedules and specifications.
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